Pisces is a constellation of the zodiac, known for its symbolism of the Fishes. Its vast size and main asterism have captured the imagination of cultures throughout history. In this article, we will explore the features, stars, and deep-sky objects within Pisces, as well as the captivating history and mythology associated with this celestial wonder.
Features
One of the notable features of Pisces is the March equinox, which is currently located in Pisces. This important astronomical event occurs when the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, and it is currently due south of Pisces, gradually drifting due west towards Aquarius. This makes Pisces a significant constellation to observe during this time of the year.
Stars
Despite its size, Pisces is home to only two stars brighter than magnitude 4, making it one of the dimmest zodiac constellations. Some notable stars within Pisces include:
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Alrescha ("the cord"), also known as Alpha Piscium (α Psc), is a variable binary star located 309.8 light-years away.
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Fumalsamakah ("mouth of the fish"), or Beta Piscium (β Psc), is a class B6Ve star located 492 light-years away.
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Delta Piscium (δ Psc) is a K5III star located 305 light-years away. It is subject to lunar occultations due to its position near the ecliptic.
These stars, along with others in Pisces, contribute to the unique celestial tapestry of the constellation.
Deep-sky Objects
Pisces is home to several fascinating deep-sky objects that deserve attention. One such object is M74, a loosely wound spiral galaxy located 30 million light-years away. M74 showcases remarkable regions of star formation, making it a captivating sight in the night sky.
Another notable object is NGC 520, a pair of colliding galaxies located 105 million light-years away. This cosmic clash offers astronomers valuable insights into the dynamics of galactic interactions.
History and Mythology
The origins of Pisces can be traced back to Babylonian astronomy, where it was associated with the constellation Šinunutu4, representing the "great swallow," and Anunitum, the "Lady of the Heaven." In Greek and Roman mythology, Pisces is linked to the story of Aphrodite and her son Eros, who shape-shifted into fish to escape from a monstrous threat.
In more modern times, Pisces has been divided into subdivisions and represented in various ways. Johannes Hevelius, an astronomer from the 17th century, divided Pisces into four subdivisions: Piscis Boreus (the North Fish), Linum Boreum (the North Cord), Linum Austrinum (the South Cord), and Piscis Austrinus (the South Fish). The constellation Testudo (the Turtle) was also proposed by John Hill but was not widely embraced by astronomers.
Western Folklore and Non-Western Astronomy
In German folklore, the Fishes are associated with the story of Antenteh, who encountered two magical fish that granted his wishes but ultimately took away his fortune. The tub mentioned in the tale is often recognized as the Great Square of Pegasus.
In Chinese astronomy, the stars of Pisces were incorporated into several constellations. Wai-ping, representing an outer enclosure, played a role in protecting a pig farmer from marshes. The northern fish of Pisces was represented in the House of the Sandal, known as Koui-siou.
The wonders of Pisces continue to captivate stargazers and astronomers alike, offering a window into the vastness and beauty of the universe.
Conclusion
The Pisces constellation, with its unique features, stars, and deep-sky objects, holds a special place in the celestial realm. Its ancient mythology and cultural significance are testament to the enduring fascination it evokes. So, the next time you gaze at the night sky, take a moment to appreciate the wonders of Pisces and the mysteries it holds.